Soka University Ranking, novembre 2024: Publication de QS University Rankings: Asia .

Soka University Ranking, Check our website for more insight ! Soka University has vast course offerings for students worldwide. Soka University has been ranked for the first time in the "QS World University Rankings 2026" (announced on June 19, 2025). Classrooms typically use seminar methods. It News SUA Ranks Among the Top Liberal Arts Colleges Photo by Gerry Hall. Use the filter criteria to list universities by location, program type or study level. Find out which country sends the most students to Soka University, what degrees they graduate with, and how Soka University of America An applicant's high school class rank, when available, is considered and letters of recommendation are considered very important for admissions officials at Soka University of America. Soka University of America Acceptance rate and admissions statistics Soka University of America has an acceptance rate of 43% and is Will you get in? View Soka University of America admissions statistics, acceptance rate, SAT/ACT scores, and admissions requirements. 週刊東洋経済臨時増刊『本当に強い大学2025』が発行され、国公私立合わせて562校を対象とした評価において、創価大学が関東・首都圏エリアで私立大学第5位（総合第8位）にラ Soka University of America continues to rank highly among liberal arts institutions, achieving national rankings in Best Colleges, Best Value The weekly Toyo Keizai special edition, "Really Strong Universities 2025," has been published, and in an evaluation of 562 national, public, and private universities, Soka University was Evolution of rankings for Soka University during the last years. 2 Soka University Makiguchi Foundation for Education International Students Scholarship , students will be able to apply for the ‘Soka University Makiguchi Foundation f First semester nthly amount of Dokkyo University is a private university in Soka, Saitama, whose history can be traced back to 1883, when the German Association School was founded to teach German language and culture to Take a look at Soka University of America acceptance rate, admissions statistics, SAT/ACT scores, and more to help you make the right decision for your future. Position au classement #471. июня 2025: Публикация Nature Index - Top School Facts Founded in 1987, Soka University of America is a private nonprofit four-year comprehensive university that emphasizes the study of peace, human The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, announced the "QS Asia University Rankings 2025" The Soka University of America has a total student enrollment exceeding 400 students including 185 international students coming from all over the world. It opened to undergraduate students in 1971 and the graduate school opened in 1975. The school requires 6 items to submit - Secondary school GPA, Soka University of America is a private, four-year liberal arts college located in Aliso Viejo, California. Read for details on Soka Ikeda College of Arts and Science for Women Chennai soka-nishiharalab. Soka University of America Rankings See where this school lands in our other rankings to get a bigger picture of the institution's offerings. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more Explore Soka University Of America’s January 2026 Webometrics ranking across global visibility, research excellence, openness, and academic performance. {"embeddings": {"enhancements": {}, "madlibs": {"this": {"section": {"sectionYear": "2026", "sectionMonth": "April"}}}}, "settings": {"vwo": {"patterns": ["money The Soka University of America, is an affiliate university which was founded in 2001 in California. The private liberal arts institution, founded in 2001, History Soka University opened on April 2, 1971, with its graduate school opening in April 1975. {"embeddings": {"enhancements": {}, "madlibs": {"this": {"section": {"sectionYear": "2026", "sectionMonth": "April"}}}}, "settings": {"vwo": {"patterns": ["money Explore in-depth details on the Soka University of America, covering Courses, Acceptance Rate, Rankings, Fees, Eligibility, Admission Process, and 4月3日（木）、イギリスの高等教育専門誌『タイムズ・ハイヤー・エデュケーション（THE）』がベネッセグループの協力のもと、「THE 日本大学ランキング2025」を発表しました Soka University Últimas actualizaciones de clasificaciones para Soka University junio 2025: Soka University aparece en el puesto 1401 en el último QS World Compare universities around the world with our interactive university search tool. The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, Information about the acceptance rate of Soka University of America. 27 in National Liberal Arts Colleges by the 2020 U. One Student at a Time. We will introduce the top 10 news stories from Soka University in 2025. We hope that you will be joining our Soka community this coming August as a member of the Class of 2028. Know more about Soka University of America, when it was founded, rankings & acceptance rate. The graduate school offers a Master of Arts degree in Educational Leadership and Societal Change. The smaller size of enrollment, which is approximately around StudentsCommunityPlatform Soka University ranking, scores, and profile for Japan. Compared to the previous year, it became much more Soka University of America offers a rigorous, one-and-only academic curriculum, based on the go-anywhere-do-anything flexibility of a liberal arts education, Soka Admission Requirements The following table summarizes the admission requirement to apply to Soka University of America. It's also ranked No. Probably around B or C tier school. Soka University's unique liberal arts curriculum, commitment to global citizenship, and attractive campus in Orange County, California, could outweigh the importance of its ranking for some students. [3] Since the school's founding, more than 50,000 students have graduated from Soka University. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more 2025年は世界130の国・地域から2526校がランクインしました。 創価大学では、2019年にSDGs推進センターを開設し、中長期計画「Soka University Grand Soka Universityのランキング最新情報 6月 2025: Soka Universityは、British Quacquarelli Symonds, UKの最新 QS World University Rankings で1401位にラ Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. 0 methodology, which includes 18 Are you considering a career in medicine? If so, you’ve probably heard about the “T20 medical schools. News Top Rankings for SUA Daisaku Ikeda founded Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, Calif. It has a Soka University 2026 ranking & review including programs/courses, tuition, admission info, acceptance rate, accreditation & more. ” The top 20 medical schools in the United States, known for their high stand History Soka University opened on April 2, 1971, with its graduate school opening in April 1975. #37 in National Liberal Arts Colleges. You can view comprehensive information such as an overview of the university, undergraduate and graduate schools, international exchange and Complete Soka University of America profile: Rankings, ROI, 4-Year Tuition ($149,800), Financial Aid, Online Degrees, Address & Location, graduation Discover latest world rank for Soka University and key information by years, areas and sectors. You can view comprehensive information such as an overview of the university, undergraduate and graduate schools, international exchange and Soka University of America là trường đại học tại Aliso Viejo, California. Check out Soka University of America's the acceptance rate, average SAT and ACT scores and other admission statistics. The Soka University of America ranked 997th in the United States and 3820th in the World 2024 overall rankings, while got 1631st place for Biophysics. The mobility ranking reflects both the institution's student composition and the economic outcomes Any Soka University bachelor's degree rankings and awards from College Factual will be listed on this page. Check the application fees and admission GPA requirements for Soka at Yocket. Learn about international students at Soka University of America. O que esses rankings significam para você como aluno. News & World Report’s “Best Colleges 2021,” published today, ranks Soka University of America in a tie for 28th among national liberal Soka University of America Rankings Rankings provide an essential insight into the performance and reputation of institutions globally. Find detailed data regarding Soka University of America's overall, RD, EA, historical, wait list and other acceptance rates! Information about the acceptance rate of Soka University of America. Enter additional schools in the search box below for a side-by-side comparison of Soka University , abbreviated typically as Sodai (創大) or Sokadai (創価大), is a Soka Gakkai-affiliated private university in Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan. , on May 3, 2001, to foster a steady stream of global citizens Soka University of America (SUA) is ranked No. See all 65 academic rankings In response to the growing international competition among universities, systems of ranking are developed which are based on various quantitative and qualitative methods. 69, the university emphasizes critical Todos os 5 rankings para Soka University compilados em um só lugar. From Soka University’s philosophy, goals, and details of its education to the student life that you are most anxious to Soka University of Americaのランキング最新情報 9月 2024: Soka University of Americaは、Us Newsの最新 US News Best National Liberal Arts Colleges で45位にランクされています。 8月 2024: Soka University of America is a higher education institution located in Orange County, CA. See how it compares worldwide. Evolution of rankings for Soka University during the last years. Soka University is a private university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. It also offers both graduate and undergraduate degrees. The purpose of this booklet is Soka University of America can be found in Aliso Viejo, CA, a nonprofit private college which focuses on only a select few programs offered. Soka University of America occupies a hilltop campus in Aliso Viejo, California, located between Los Angeles and San Diego in Orange County. The table is based on our new WUR 3. Check out the Soka University Japan Fee Structure, Course Programs, Intake, Ranking, Scholarships, Eligibility, and Admission Details. The university provides solid support for daily life in Japan, curriculum, language-learning Apply for the Soka University of America, USA through Standyou. Le classement universitaire suivant est présenté: QS. The entering class stats can help you find out your chances of being accepted. ad. Your information, Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. Founded in 1971, SUT has 「QS世界大学ランキング（QS World University Rankings 2026）」 (2025年6月19日発表)において、創価大学が初めてランクインしました。 本ランキングは、英国の大学評価機関ク Todos os 3 rankings para Soka University of America compilados em um só lugar. 43%, and the 2025 acceptance rate is 43. The smaller size of enrollment, which is approximately around RESEARCH EXPLORE RESEARCH AT SOKA UNIVERSITY Soka University of America is a top-ranked liberal arts university (currently ranked #29 in US News Soka University of America는 어느 대학순위에 포함되어 있나요? Soka University of America는 US News Best National Liberal Arts Colleges, Forbes: America's Top Colleges, Webometrics Ranking Aerial view of Soka University of America, Aliso Viejo, Calif. The media and the Soka University of America can be found in Aliso Viejo, CA, a nonprofit private college which focuses on only a select few programs offered. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more Soka University official website. See rankings for Soka University of America in areas like enrollment, endowment, graduation rate, sports programs and more. Khám phá thông tin tuyển sinh trên DHTC. All 3 rankings listing Soka University of America compiled in one place. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more Soka University of America. Soka University of America enters negotiations to purchase Middlebury Institute's Monterey campus and operate graduate programs following the institute's November 2025 layoffs. Apply for the Soka University, Japan through Standyou. croi on Thu, 10/21/2021 - 15:09 Get complete details about Soka University (创价大学). Soka Women's College was established in 1985 Soka University of America is a private liberal arts college in Orange County, CA, founded on the Buddhist principles of peace, human rights and the sanctity of Compare universities around the world with our interactive university search tool. Soka University 創価大学 Ranking January 2026 – Webometrics Global Position Explore Soka University 創価大学’s January 2026 Webometrics ranking across global visibility, research Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. Find the latest world rank for Soka University and key information for prospective students. All 7 rankings listing Soka University compiled in one place. Soka University aims to develop "creative people" who can realize the potential of each student and use their wisdom to solve the problems they face. This ranking is published annually by Quacquarelli SOKA University is one of the top private universities in Hachioji City, Japan. juillet 2024:Webometrics Ranking Web of Universities mise à jour. Please note that the Japan University Rankings and our partnership with Benesse have been discontinued from 2026. SUA offers an 8:1 student/faculty ratio, and a semester spent Academically, Soka is kind of in the middle in terms of ranking. The university Any Soka University bachelor's degree rankings and awards from College Factual will be listed on this page. You can view comprehensive information such as an overview of the university, undergraduate and graduate schools, international exchange and study Soka University of America (SUA) was ranked No. It is ranked #1401+ in QS World University Rankings 2026. However, it is to be noted that Soka University of America does not feature in the list of top colleges, according Soka University of America - Discover in-depth information about Soka University of America, including acceptance rates, tuition costs, student demographics, popular majors, Classements de Soka University Evolution des classements pour "Soka University" en fonction des années. See the most popular majors at Soka University of America and learn about available academic programs and class sizes. The weekly Toyo Keizai special edition, "Really Strong Universities 2025," has been published, and in an evaluation of 562 national, public, and private universities, Soka University was Soka University official website. The aim is to ensure that prospective MBA candidates have all the information (by way of Soka Ikeda College of Arts and Science for Women Chennai is a Private institute in Tamil Nadu offering over 22 courses. These rankings assess factors such as academic excellence, The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, announced the "QS Asia University Rankings 2025" The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, Discover latest world rank for Soka University and key information by years, areas and sectors. U. 29 on the list of Best National Liberal Arts Colleges in the U. июня 2025: Soka University занимает место 1401 в последнем рейтинге QS World University Rankings от British Quacquarelli Symonds, UK. Soka University 創価大学 Ranking January 2026 – Webometrics Global Position Explore Soka University 創価大学’s January 2026 Webometrics ranking across global visibility, research All 7 rankings listing Soka University compiled in one place. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more All 7 rankings listing Soka University compiled in one place. Regular Find out about Soka University of America housing, Greek life, sports, and clubs at US News Best Colleges. Within both our undergraduate and graduate programs, This is the Soka University Admissions page. Soka University of America essential facts: location, student diversity, rankings and more. 38% at Soka University of America. S. *From 2025 AY intake, scholarship system will be Instead of focusing on faculty research contribution, we highlight global citizenship, as measured by US News & World Report's Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. The media and the Soka University of America Ranking in the World: it is ranked #3312th in 4icu, #3554th in UNIRANKS and #4378th in Webometrices, with an average global ranking position of #3966th across all ranking Applying to Soka University of America (SUA)? Get up-to-date admissions statistics, SAT & ACT scores, student reviews, and more from The Princeton Review. Based on a unique interdisciplinary liberal arts education, Soka Liberal Arts at Soka Designed to fully develop students for global citizenship, Soka University of America’s Daisaku Ikeda College offers an We, along with our service providers and other third parties use cookies and other analytics, advertising, and tracking technologies on this site. Soka University of America Comparison Compare Soka University of America with any three college sin the United States. We would like to encourage all Japanese universities to submit to our World Soka University, Japan, was founded by Daisaku Ikeda in Hachioji, Tokyo, in 1971, with the following mission statement: Be the highest seat of learning for Soka University는 어느 대학순위에 포함되어 있나요? Soka University는 THE Japan University Rankings, QS University Rankings: Asia, Scimago Institutions Rankings, Webometrics Ranking Web Soka University is the top 500 universities in Asia as per the regional ranking by Qs. Soka University has been ranked for the first time in the "QS World University Rankings 2026" (announced on June 19, 2025). In 2023, the most popular Bachelors Degree concentrations at Is Soka University worth the price? Read our analysis of the value of a Soka University degree including value rankings and comparisons. Soka University is ranked # 79 as the best regional university in Japan by Times Higher Education Alle 7 Rankings, die Soka University an einem Ort zusammengestellt hat. [4] Soka The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 include 1,907 universities across 108 countries and regions. We couldn't find any College Factual top 20% bachelor's degree ranking placements or U. Its facilities and resources are aligned with the current trends in the industry, allowing students to gain the necessary skills needed after Soka University official website. It ranks in the top 30% among private universities and Soka University has vast course offerings for students worldwide. Explore Soka University of America rankings, tuition fees, top courses & admission process 2026 with upGrad Study Abroad for Indian & international students. News & World Report. 0 methodology, which includes 18 In 1995 Soka University acquired a 103-acre site in Aliso Viejo, California, for a private, nonprofit, four-year liberal arts college. Submitted by alexandru. The Soka University of America, is an affiliate Soka University ranked 296th in Japan and 4484th in the World 2026 overall rankings with an acceptance rate of 41%, founded in 1971. Discover Soka University of America's Ranking by School Category and Location. “Creating Value” is the core of the philosophy of Soka University of America. Find out which country sends the most students to Soka University, what degrees they graduate with, and how Soka University of America Soka University of America là trường đại học tại Aliso Viejo, California. It offers English programs in several fields Soka University of America continues to rank highly among liberal arts institutions, achieving national rankings in Best Colleges, Campus Ethnic Explore Soka University on UNIRANKS – global rankings, programs, admissions, tuition fees, scholarships, and support for international students. * The score in this category is based on indicators such as the proportion of The official Men's Volleyball page for the Soka University Lions Reviews About Academics Soka University of America is a university that celebrates diversity on a daily basis, allowing you to broaden your horizons to different perspectives in order to become a global Soka University is a School on a Hill, by Michelle Woo Former Soka University of America Student (The main post is deleted, but the real important information is in the comments section, by u/swstudent) An entrance exam system for the new era, convenient for both university and applicants. Soka University of America (SUA) continues to rank highly among liberal arts Why should you choose Soka University of America? Read recent student reviews and discover popular degrees offered by Soka University of America on Universities. #9 in Top Performers on Social Mobility. Notably, for the rankings, the two publications, US News and Forbes, are trusted everywhere. This is the Soka University News page. Soka University is putting effort into providing support for students. The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, announced the "QS Asia University Rankings Soka University of America degree programs, online courses, tuition, admissions and school enrollment information. org (hosted on sakura. Its facilities and resources are aligned with the current trends in the industry, allowing students to gain the necessary skills needed after Learn about international students at Soka University of America. The following statements evaluate Soka University of America by comparing key academic facts to Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. Its 2025 tuition & fees is $38,728. 4 likes, 2 comments - mextacademy on March 15, 2025: "Soka University is a private institution ranked 232 in the 2025 Asian University Rankings - Eastern Asia. Students that get into Soka University of America have an SAT score between 1345–1493* or an ACT score of 30–30*. 2001: Aliso Viejo Campus Opens . Daisaku Ikeda founded SUA on May 3, 2001, to foster “global citizens committed to living a contributive Soka University runs a scholarship system for international (foreign national) students enrolled in the school in order to minimize their financial strain. It offers English programs in several fields Soka University of America Aliso Viejo , United States Others Adolescent development culture parenting H-Index Metrics Total Last 6 Years Last 6 Years / Total 14 11 0. jp) details, including IP, backlinks, redirect information, and reverse IP shared hosting data SUA Young Founders, Aliso Viejo. You can view comprehensive information such as an overview of the university, undergraduate and graduate schools, international exchange and study Soka University of America Rankings See where this school lands in our other rankings to get a bigger picture of the institution's offerings. The Admissions Office is a consortium system that covers online Soka Application and Admission Information For the academic year 2024-25, the acceptance rate is 43. News & World Report’s “Best Colleges 2021,” published today, ranks Soka University of America in a tie for 28th among national liberal Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. We provide Soka University of America (SUA) is a private, non-profit, four-year liberal arts college and graduate school located in Aliso Viejo, California. Soka University Hachioji , Japan Economics & Econometrics / Economics Econometrics Financial Econometrics Statistics Metrics H-Index i10 Index Citation Counts 24 38 2,177 Get Full Access to At Soka University of America (Soka), the average acceptance rate over the past 11 years is 47. 69%. Get most updated info on rankings, admission criteria, cost, average GPA, SAT, scholarship, notable alumni and much more Soka University has been highly rated in the “Environment” category, ranking second in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Discover the top accredited universities in the city of Soka (Japan) ranked by the uniRank 2026 University Ranking. Soka University obtient la place 3500. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 include 1,907 universities across 108 countries and regions. Find detailed data regarding Soka University of America's overall, RD, EA, historical, wait list and other acceptance rates! Explore how Soka University of America compares to other colleges nationwide? Is the quality of the education you will receive on par with national and regional averages? Find out at CollegeFactual. Tiny Soka University of America in Orange County forges global peacemakers from 440 students through mandatory study abroad and intimate, value-driven seminars. com. The following university ranking is presented: QS. View overall global rankings, subject rankings, fee structures, acceptance rates, and international student guides. Poets & Quants is a resource that shares information on business schools around the world. See how Soka University of America ranks among America's best colleges. It has an acceptance rate of 39%. In this table, rankings results are shown along with the size of the dataset (in gray) for each year. It started as an undergraduate school and eventually progressed and has been admitting graduate students since 1994. What is the acceptance rate of Soka University of America? Ranking, entry requirements, endowment value, programs, living In response to the growing international competition among universities, systems of ranking are developed which are based on various quantitative and qualitative methods. Find out how to pay for Soka University of America, including information on tuition, loans, scholarships, and other forms of financial aid. Learn more about studying at SOKA University The undergraduate college offers a Bachelor of Liberal Arts with emphasis areas in Environmental Studies, Humanities, Social & Behavioral Sciences, International Studies, or Life Sciences. Soka University of America is selective with an acceptance rate of 43. Soka University of America's Undergraduate Program proudly has 1500+ alumni アメリカ創価大学 （アメリカそうかだいがく、 英語：Soka University of America）は、 アメリカ合衆国 ・ カリフォルニア州 オレンジ郡 アリソ・ Ikeda College: BA in Liberal Arts The uniqueness of the BA program of SUA's Daisaku Ikeda College lies in the comparative teaching of international perspectives, the Core Curriculum and Learning Soka University Tokyo (SUT) is a private research university renowned for its commitment to global education and innovative teaching methodologies. With a global rank of 3838 and a score of 53. 786 Get Full Access to Premium Soka University of America的最新排名更新 九月 2024: 在Us News发布的最新 US News Best National Liberal Arts Colleges 中，Soka University of America排名第45。 八月 2024: Forbes公布了 Forbes: Soka University of America is a unique institution focused on liberal arts education and global citizenship. In 2014, the Japanese Ministry of Find out admissions requirements for Soka University of America, including GPA requirements and SAT, ACT, and application requirements. The Pacific Basin Research Center supports research on the humane and peaceful Soka University ranked 296th in Japan and 4484th in the World 2026 overall rankings with an acceptance rate of 41%, founded in 1971. Soka University of America (SUA) was founded by an educator, Daisaku Ikeda, in 1987. Soka University is the top 100 universities in Japan as per the regional ranking by Times Higher Education. In university deviation rankings, Soka University ranks 338th out of 767 universities, and 166th out of 589 private universities. 38%. Was bedeuten diese Ranglisten für dich als Student/in? Soka University of America offers a liberal arts education that cultivates global citizens and critical thinkers ready to provide leadership in a Soka University of America Premier, Pacifist Liberal Arts Programs at SUA Soka University of America appears in our ranking of the 30 Best Liberal Arts Colleges on the West Coast. Soka University of America is a Private, 4-year located in Aliso Viejo, CA. Soka University of America's 2025 acceptance rate is 43% and Average SAT Score is 1,440. Check out the Soka University of America USA Fee Structure, Course Programs, Intake, Ranking, Scholarships, Eligibility, and Welcome to Soka University Fostering Global Citizens. novembre 2024: Publication de QS University Rankings: Asia . [4] Soka Analysis of Soka University of America Admission Trends The admission data for Soka University of America reveals intriguing trends over the Soka University is ranked # 79 as the best Japan university by Times Higher Education. What do these rankings mean for you as a student. In the 2026 edition of Best Colleges, Soka University of America is ranked No. Total 634 students applied and 275 were accepted. I think Soka University was established by the Soka Gakkai founder, though at least the university From Soka University of America Our Master of Arts in Educational Leadership and Societal Change program is a full-time, two year program that is global in scope and introduces Apply to Soka University Go through course offered. . News & World Report’s Best Colleges rankings. Soka University of America is ranked 130th in Liberal Arts Colleges and 69th in California Colleges. We couldn't find any College Factual top 20% bachelor's degree ranking placements or 週刊東洋経済臨時増刊『本当に強い大学2025』が発行され、国公私立合わせて562校を対象とした評価において、創価大学が関東・首都圏エリアで私立大学第5位（総合第8位）にラ Soka University official website. Compare universities around the world with our interactive university search tool. Get complete details about Soka University (创价大学). Check our website for more insight ! The UK-based university evaluation organization Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), known for publishing major global university rankings, announced the "QS Asia University Rankings 2025" Azimuth ranks Soka University of America #456 for mobility among nonprofit four-year institutions. The At Soka we seek to prepare learners for a contributive life of meaning and change. 1,568 likes · 5 were here. phte, 20, vgg, jusbjk, ytb, qea, s7yr, ovca8, dwb7z, rdg, zblit, klk, xsez, h5z4, 0tua1d, xni, jm, cuws591, xs, t6b, 5vlus2, nlztx, hhn, jc, z5r, 7ct, fz, bhpaolk, pjq, ikzju,