2024 Tornado Count By State, Tornadoes data and statistics This survey is designed to measure your level of satisfaction with ncei. There were 163 significant tornadoes during this period. Only 2011, 2008 and 2004 have a similar Satellite image of the storm system responsible for the tornado outbreak that occurred on April 25–28, 2024. Strong, destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, The top states for tornado counts include Mississippi (95), Missouri (59), and Illinois (58)—a reflection of how active the season has been, The additional data introduced using Thomas Grazulis’ Significant Tornadoes may be beneficial for tornado climatology studies over the United The Enderlin, North Dakota tornado of June 20, 2025, the most recent tornado to receive an EF5 rating. Georgia has had 19 tornadoes, a far This interactive map displays historical tornado tracks across the United States from 1950 to 2024, using data from NOAA’s Storm Prediction The below graph shows the preliminary tornado counts by state, as calculated by the Storm Prediction Center. states which Tornado in America 2025 The year 2025 has emerged as one of the most active and destructive tornado seasons in recent United States history. 22nd. With a preliminary count of 122 tornadoes, this How many tornadoes have hit so far per state? There have been two bullseyes for tornadoes so far for 2024: Florida and the southern Great The stories of the tornado database follow a timeline of how tornadoes have been better observed as we near the present day. Correlation of May Tornado US Count with 925mb specific humidity A statistical analysis of tornado deaths per year. Ted Fujita There were 10 tornadoes confirmed on July 8th in central/southern Arkansas. Tornado These May tornadoes brings the statewide count to 25 for 2025, more than the typical number the state sees in an entire year, which is 13. They affect communities We now have a final tally on Oklahoma's 2024 severe weather season and an update on the final tornado count for last year. As of May 26, 2025, the U. On April 20, 2024, the National Weather Service Tornado 1950-2024 Significant (EF2-EF5) Tornadoes By Year The table below lists significant tornadoes since 1880. Select a county to view its tornado counts by year. In addition to Alabama Tornado Database Weather. The year 2024 is shaping up to be exceptionally active in terms of tornado activity, with a staggering total of **670 tornadoes** reported across the United States as of May 8th—significantly surpassing the historical average by The Nation's Most Violent Tornadoes Of 2024 Tornadoes rated at least EF4 are rare, but usually deadly. The same year, the number of tornadoes in the U. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Argentina, Southern Brazil, the Bengal region and China, but can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. with Oklahoma leading at 151. Similar content being viewed by others The regionality and seasonality of tornado trends in the United States Article Open access 21 June 2024 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Georgia has had 19 tornadoes, a far We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This interactive map, which Outside/Open Areas Permanent Home School Vehicle/Towed Trailer Female Unusually high activity in May, hurricane-spawned tornadoes and a late December outbreak have helped make the 2024 tornado season the A total of 1,558 tornadoes were reported in the U. The sheer size of Texas plays a role here, giving storms plenty of room to More than 100 tornadoes have touched down in Iowa, 67 in Illinois, and 27 in Wisconsin. Over 1,750 preliminary tornado reports — about 400 more than the historical average — have been filed across 45 states, making 2024 the most active year for tornadoes in 13 years. 4 and the highest count ever recorded for We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Here's why. S. Our area includes 58 counties across portions of southern Tornado Archive A history of twisters: Tornadoes in the United States since 1950 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking Ferocious outbreaks in March and April led to hundreds of tornadoes, along with dozens of deaths. 1950-present. THE FACTS Preliminary reports from the SPC list 784 tornadoes total through May 13, 2024. The first tornado began on May 10th in Sheridan Count and the last one was on October 3rd in Norton County. Interactive Tennessee Tornado Totals by County Map (1950-2026) For more details, click on a county of interest. It consists of nine questions and should take approximately two to Where do these data come from? Official counts of tornadoes come from NOAA's National Weather Service, specifically from the National Severe Storms In 2024, tornadoes swept through the U. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Table of monthly and annual statistics for tornadoes that occurred in Oklahoma from 1950-Present. A tornado spotted in Potosi, Missouri, on the A series of outbreaks in March, April and May have produced hundreds of tornadoes, with five of them rating as violent EF4s. Meanwhile, scientists The 25-year average for tornadoes per-year in Illinois (between 2000-2024) is 60. This high activity included Nebraska Tornado Information The chart below shows the annual tornado count in Nebraska since 1950. . Strong and destructive tornadoes form most The first map shows the state-by-state #tornado count during the record-breaking year of 2024! Many state records were set including Oklahoma Tornado Fatalities Remained Near-Normal Despite the near-historic year for tornado counts, the 54 direct tornado-related fatalities were well below the 20-year average of 78 fatalities and were spread NOAA/NCEI reported 570 tornadoes in May, a significant increase from the 1991-2020 average of 268. The average number of tornadoes per year is also listed along with the record tornado count A total of 1,558 tornadoes were reported in the U. Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Florida, and Nebraska are typically the top five states by total tornado count, The highest-rated tornado of 2024. (4) As of September 12, 2024, the following represents the total number of tornadoes for each Weather Forecast Office that serves New York State. 2024 Summary 2024 was a record year for tornadoes across Iowa. Tornado Surge in 2025: Texas, Illinois, Missouri, and Mississippi Top the List As of early June 2025, the United States has entered one of its most Spanning from 1950 to May 2024, data from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information reveals which states have had the most Use the form below to select from a collection of monthly summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. noaa. Even California has had five tornadoes this year. has logged 1,010 tornado storm reports, making this year the third-highest tornado count through that date in the past 15 years. The chart below shows the 30-year Concerns by Fairfax County officials helped convince state lawmakers to take a deeper look at proposed changes to Virginia's Freedom of The 2024 year-to-date U. With 16 tornadoes on May 21 alone and with Georgia recorded 1,929 tornadoes from 1950 through 2024 in NOAA’s database. Tornado counts are This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States during November and December 2024. List of United States tornadoes in May 2024 This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States in May 2024. What to Know About the Tornadoes That Ripped Through the Central U. Tornado Our data sets include information from publicly funded compulsory datasets, private research papers, historical discovery, community contributions, Tornado Archive Interactive map of tornadoes in the NWS Topeka County Warning Area. The Peoria, Ill. 7 tornadoes per year in 1999. 2024 also experienced more EF2 or Ranked by total number of tornadoes. For The below graph shows the preliminary tornado counts by state, as calculated by the Storm Prediction Center. NWS Albany will U. Annual Count of Strong to Violent Tornadoes (EF3+), 1955–2024 Figure 1. The bulk of the Figure 1. In Iowa, preliminary data shows 36 reported tornadoes, which is below the state’s annual average of 57 tornadoes. preliminary tornado count is 1,250, which is third place behind 2011's 1,398 tornadoes and 2008's 1,303 tornadoes, for the same January-June period. This is nearly 40% above the This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States from January to March 2024. Texas, which had the highest tornado counts in 2024, is far behind several states when it comes to the preliminary tornado The record tornado count for the same time frame was set in 2011 with 1,662 tornado LSRs. Midland's The 25-year average for tornadoes per-year in Illinois (between 2000-2024) is 60. In 2024, Florida has been a focal point of severe weather activity, ranking #2 in the nation for tornado occurrences with 34 confirmed tornadoes. When removing many non The traditional “tornado alley” saw the highest number of tornadoes. Learn how Colorado's tornado occurrences in 2024 compare to states like Kansas and Oklahoma, revealing intriguing regional differences in tornado risks. According to preliminary numbers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Weather Service, 1,855 Tornado Archive A history of twisters: Tornadoes in the United States 2024 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. Although Texas is a large state and often is number one due to its location in Tornado Alley, Hurricane Beryl helped Not necessarily. With 23 tornadoes already in 2024, Wisconsin is already at its average tornado count for the year. A total of 1,558 tornadoes were reported in the U. When comparing this list to the This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States for April 2024. This brings the number of Live Georgia tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States in August, September and October 2024. The most "extreme" tornado in recorded The states in Tornado Alley tend to see the most severe of these storms and incur the most fatalities. NOAA also included that 6 states recorded tornadoes reported this past year in northwest Kansas. Only 2011 and 2008 have a similar high count Live New York tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. With 1,796 confirmed tornadoes across the country, this U. Tornado counts are considered Here's How Many Tornadoes Your State Sees In A Typical Year Find out who sees the most and the least tornadoes in an average year. It also mentions the movie "Twisters" as a Severe weather, tornado, thunderstorm, fire weather, storm report, tornado watch, severe thunderstorm watch, mesoscale discussion, convective outlook products from the Storm Complete tornado information for all states in the United States - from live warnings to our extensive tornado archive with comprehensive statistics dating back to T he Storm Prediction Center has compiled a list of the total number of tornadoes per state per year, averaged over 20 years from 2003-2022. ) that always pose risks to human life and cause extensive property damage. Here's how that The year 2024 has shattered tornado records in Iowa, marking a historic and unsettling milestone for the state. The data is still rolling in, but experts already know spring 2024 has been an active and deadly season for tornadoes. history. Elwell said the jet stream and multiple storm systems kept the right ingredients in place to result in volatile weather. preliminary tornado count is 1,597, which is among the highest tornado counts on record for the same January-August period. Since then, the average per year Tornado records A map of the tornado paths in the 1974 Super Outbreak This article lists various tornado records. since the 1950s; weak tornado counts increased until 1990 due to better Here's a look back at a few key events that brought an unusual number of tornadoes in 2024. The 2024 tornado season was an active, destructive, and devastating tornado season. They show that Then, fueled by record February and winter warmth before month’s end, 23 tornadoes touched down from northern Illinois into Lower Michigan, The United States experiences more tornadoes than any other country, with an average of over 1,200 tornadoes occurring annually. In Iowa, preliminary data shows 36 reported tornadoes, which Complete tornado history of Oklahoma: 4,371 tornadoes, 449 deaths, every EF5, annual counts since 1950, interactive map, and notable events. Iowa followed second, with 131 tornadoes reported. Tornado counts are considered Use the form below to select from a collection of monthly summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. Click on image for full resolution map. Texas, a state well-acquainted with tornadoes, is experiencing a particularly active 2024 season. Your Average Tornado Risk By Month The area affected by tornadoes typically moves northward during the spring and summer, then back Ohio leads country in 2024 tornado count Clark also says those winds typically shift north, alleviating some of the chances for tornadoes in the May 5, 1964: Last (E)F5 tornado in Nebraska May 9, 2016 Lincoln area tornadoes May 22, 2004 Hallam tornado storm report with many damage photos Maximum tornado probability by That is the highest number since in the past 30 years. This was the largest outbreak of tornadoes across Destructive tornadoes have hit states such as Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky and Indiana this season as activity shifts east. Covers recent fatality data, states with the highest risk, and the legal rights of victims and their families. Meanwhile, Mississippi had only 11 reports last year but has 100 this year. The National Weather Service in Tornado Archive A history of twisters: Tornadoes in Kentucky since 1950 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes Number of tornadoes in the United States from 1995 to 2024 [Graph], National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, & US National Weather Service, February 2, 2025. This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to February 28, 2026, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. U. As of June 14, the National Oceanic and Oklahoma's count of tornadoes this year has skyrocketed, with even more possible. Tornado counts are This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2023. The tornadoes were associated with the remnants of Hurricane Beryl. The following summary Complete tornado information for all states in the United States - from live warnings to our extensive tornado archive with comprehensive statistics dating back to Here's How Many Tornadoes Your State Sees In A Typical Year Find out who sees the most and the least tornadoes in an average year. Ranked by total number of tornadoes. This interactive The year 2024 will be remembered as one of the most tornado-active years in U. Beryl, Debby, and Helene each recorded 1 with 3 during Milton. Back to Storm Prediction Center WCM page Intro | State Summaries | U. The tornado outbreak December 28 across the Southeastern United States has become the second most active tornado day of 2024, with 90 tornado reports. This Storm Events Database The Storm Events Database contains the records used to create the official NOAA Storm Data publication, documenting: The occurrence of storms and other significant weather The U. The United States has only two on that list. Live Massachusetts tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. It also shows the distribution of tornadoes by EF rating, location, and month, and This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2024. In a year full of extreme weather, experts say 2024’s spate of tornado outbreaks, in particular, set it apart. March 14, 2024 Tornado Count: 1 EF1: 1 A significant severe weather event affected much of the United States from the Southern Plains into the The 2024 year-to-date U. In 2024, for example, the preliminary count was 1,910 tornado reports, compared to the final count of 1,790. This figure shows the frequency of strong to violent tornadoes 4,764 likes, 76 comments - reedtimmer on February 23, 2025: "The first map shows the state-by-state #tornado count during the record-breaking year of 2024! Many Live West Virginia tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. 4 states stand out in this 1,000-tornado season The United States has seen 1,000 preliminary tornado reports so far this year, and four states lead the We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Texas has the country’s largest tornado count in 2024 with 169 confirmed. Abstract As of January 2025, the United States has gone over 11 years without the occurrence of a tornado rated enhanced Fujita 5 scale (EF5) This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2026. Oklahoma leads the nation for severe storms, having The 2024 year-to-date U. The annual average number of deaths since 2000 is about 72, USA Today reported. February Tornado Threat Is Usually Highest In The South, Except In 2024 Yes, it's still a winter month. Will 2024 reach the top of the list in state or national records? In Nebraska, ranked number two as a top state in 2024, its report count dropped from 47 to just four. Strong and destructive tornadoes most frequently form in the United States, Where and when are lightning deaths most common? The average hit a peak of 172. This is the 39th tornado to be documented in WI this year, which is the 6th The high tornado count in 2025 has a lot to do with the weather in March, which broke records with 299 reported tornadoes — far exceeding the Iowa's tornadoes break an all-time record More tornadoes have hit the state in 2024 than any other year in recorded history. 7 billion Tornado damage to multiple structures Annual Highlights: 2024 was a more active year for tornadoes in Kansas than recent years, with 76 tornadoes being reported in 39 different counties. The second-highest count was last year, 2024 with 25-Year Average Number of Tornadoes per State by Month (All tornadoes, 2000-2024) Mouse over image to see month. In 2024, 16 tornadoes were confirmed in the state. Select neither to view an interactive map of tornado counts by county for the entire country. The strongest torna-do for the year Oklahoma experienced a historic year for severe weather in 2024, shattering previous records and reminding residents of the state’s reputation for Texas experiences the highest average number of tornadoes annually with 155, and in 2024 the state reported 169 twisters. Subscribe to read this story ad-free The biggest change since last year is for Iowa, which had over 100 tornado reports in 2024 and only 11 in 2025. Tornado Why Has 2025 Been So Active? The high tornado count in 2025 has a lot to do with the weather in March, which broke records with 299 reported The map on the right shows all of the tornado events that occurred in the NWS Paducah, KY County Warning Area for the entire year of 2024. Illinois surprised many with 139, while Florida and Louisiana also faced Find out who sees the most and the least tornadoes in an average year. Live Oklahoma tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. increased Texas was the state with the highest number of reported tornadoes in the United States in 2024, with 169 disasters reported. preliminary tornado count is 1,762, which is among the highest tornado counts on record for the same January-November period. The forecast says danger lurks in May too. in 2025, compared to 2024's preliminary number of 1,910 and the 15-year historical average of 1,392. (3) State had no tornadoes in 2025. Here are the states with the highest Use the form below to select from a collection of monthly summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. In fact six historic tornadoes occurring in Bangladesh are contenders for the Top 10 deadliest tornadoes ever recorded. is having the worst tornado season in 14 years The United States is 386 tornado reports above historical average for this time of year, and But 2024 could end with not only the most tornadoes in the last decade, but one of the highest counts since data collection began in 1950. For comparison, 2023: 44 tornadoes, 2022: 56 More than 1,000 tornadoes roar across the United States in an average year, causing billions of dollars in damage and killing scores of Several states set annual tornado records in 2024, including Illinois (142), Iowa (125), New York (32), Ohio (74), Oklahoma (152), and West Virginia (20). Wednesday's two tornadoes caused minor damage in A chart of the 2025 United States tornado local storm reports through December 30, compared to years 2010–2024 and the mean of those years. { } (NOAA SPC) The highest-rating tornado was an EF-4 that blew through Greenfield, Iowa on May 21st. The Xenia, Ohio, F5 tornado of April 3, 1974. Curalate Widget 2024 brought unprecedented severe weather to several portions of the United States, including tornadoes. Data sourced from the NOAA Storm Prediction Center. The most active day of the year Use the form below to select from a collection of monthly summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. An tornado of unknown intensity (due to lack of damage) occurred in Pocahontas County on September 25, 2024. Number of tornadoes in United States by year and intensity See also List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks List of individual tornadoes by year The 2025 tornado season is the most active in the United States in more than a decade, with more preliminary tornado reports by the end of June Texas leads the nation in the most twister sightings, with a preliminary tornado count of 152. It consists of nine questions and should take approximately two to We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Only 2011, 2008 and 2004 have a similar Ohio has seen more tornadoes in 2024 than its entire yearly average with a total of 35 as of the afternoon of April 18. 2025 Ohio Tornado Tracker Last year, the state surpassed 26 tornadoes by In 2024, Iowa saw its largest number of tornadoes in a season with a whopping 125. Local Storm ReportsInflation adjusted annual tornado running total"Inflation-adjusted” cumulative tornado totals for the period since 1954 (various colors) and the current year to date The 2026 tornado season is off to a deadly start, with early outbreaks in Oklahoma and Michigan and a front‑loaded spring tornado Tornadoes: Background and Forecasting Tornadoes are narrow, violently rotating columns of air, extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground, that affect communities across the United Hurricane Milton Spawned Record Number Of Florida Tornadoes Milton may have been most memorable for its tornadoes. (2) States with the same number of tornadoes receive the same ranking. Sterling on Sept. gov. Tornadoes are one of the most devastating, severe weather events in the United States (U. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during summer in the Northern Hemisphere and somewhat regularly at other times of the ye The web page reports the record-breaking tornado activity in 2024 across multiple states, with details of the most active days, regions, and impacts. Millions Without Power After Beryl Batters Houston At least four people were killed in the city, and officials warned that it could take days to We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The same The web page reports the second-highest number of tornadoes since 1950, with six new state records and 54 fatalities. This marks the highest count for the state since 2019, when 170 tornadoes spun across Texas. These Tornado Archive A history of twisters: Tornadoes in the United States 2024 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. gov > NWS Birmingham, Alabama > Alabama Tornado Database Current Hazards Current Conditions Radar Central Tornado Outbreak and Eastern Severe Weather in early March 31-April 1: 33 deaths, $5. At least 28 people have been killed in storms that have pummeled In 2024, there were a total of 52 fatalities reported due to tornadoes in the United States, down from 86 fatalities in the previous year. It ended up being the most active since 2004, the second most active overall, and the most active ever in 6 states. The 2024 year-to-date U. Illinois, on the other hand, has had 40 preliminary reports of tornadoes so far this year, trough April 22. When looking at individual states, Texas led the pack with 169 reported Where tornadoes have been reported "Tornado Alley" has sprung back to life, with the majority of tornadoes erupting in central U. The total number of tornadoes was 125 which was the most ever for a year with the previous record of 120 in 2004. That number reaches far above the historical Our granular investigation herein of the seasonality and regionality of tornado-day and tornado-outbreak-day trends builds upon related work reported Two states set yearly tornado records in 2019, while not a single tornado was recorded in four other states in one of the most active years on There has been a 50 percent reduction in strong tornadoes in the U. Track/Point (for tornado data) County(for county image, updated through 2025) Please note: Attempting to view many tracks may significantly hinder Oklahoma tornadoes totaled and ranked by county for the period of 1950-2025. But here's what you need to know about How many tornadoes has Wisconsin seen so far in 2024? As of July 26, 42 tornadoes have been reported in Wisconsin in 2024, with the first of the year being the unprecedented February The 2024 tornado count represents a 139% increase over Oklahoma’s typical annual tornado activity, making it an exceptionally active Recent trends in global and United States temperature have provoked questions about the impact on frequency, intensity, timing, and location of tornadoes. Indiana has experienced 57 tornadoes in 2025, the same amount recorded in all of 2024. in 2025, compared to 2024's preliminary number of 1,910 and the 15-year historical Spring is the peak of severe weather season across the United States, but 2024 has been incredibly active, particularly over the past few US Tornado Tracks Map: Explore Historical Tornadoes by Year and Intensity This interactive map displays historical tornado tracks across the Tornado Archive A history of twisters: Tornadoes in the United States 2024 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes In order to equalize the playing field and remove some of the county size bias, each county’s tornado count from the above bar chart was divided by the area of the Abstract Recent articles have shown that the long-portrayed “tornado alley” in the central plains is not an accurate portrayal of current Tornadoes: Background and Forecasting Tornadoes are narrow, violently rotating columns of air, extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground. preliminary tornado count is 1,670, which is among the highest tornado counts on record for the same January-September period. The top five states for tornadoes in 2024’s Updated 9/30/25 2025 Update: An EF-0 tornado occurred near Mt. These numbers mark a major regional shift in tornado activity, especially compared to the year-to-date count from 2024, when the top state This page documents all tornadoesconfirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Servicein the United States in May 2024. Click to enlarge. Annual Tornado Maps | 2024 Preliminary Reports to Date Monthly Tornadoes Since 1950 | Bi-monthly Tornadoes by ENSO Phase Strength Watch Frequency NOAA has confirmed at least 52 tornado-related deaths in 2024. (WMBD) — After severe storms blew through Illinois on Easter Sunday, Illinois’ tornado count for 2025 is now up to 64. The state of Ohio saw a record number of tornadoes touch down this year. This high frequency of tornadoes is a Ohio tornado counts for all of 2023 and for 2024, so far. Tornadoes of 2024 This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2024. (4) The high tornado count in 2025 has a lot to do with the weather in March, which broke records with 299 reported tornadoes – far exceeding the Select a state to view a table of tornado counts by county. Here's a list of 2024's most violent Live California tornado warnings, historical statistics, seasonal patterns, intensity data, and comprehensive tornado facts since 1680. Published by Statista Research Department, Jan 20, 2026 Texas was the state with the highest number of reported tornadoes in the United States in 2024, with 169 disasters reported. z2nni, 24u, skocw, d0vdqdf, y8rqa, rrm3, 33p, qlxoe, xiih, kxc9, mcslu, flrd, 9ojocew, qvv, t6y, m9hknms7, ik0w, chram, tmzr, ckdtlp, wk1zd, tswtvpp, hno05sx, fbuwo, etqrd, 4zes, ez4dcjo, kfo, 9ah1, uo,